What is the Operating System, What Does it Do? How Does the Operating System Work, What are its Types?

What is the Operating System, What Does it Do? How Does the Operating System Work, What are its Types?

Technological devices such as computers, tablets and smartphones that we use during the day have operating systems. The operating system installed after computer production can be deleted if desired. Once deleted, it can be reinstalled or even replaced with another operating system.

What is an Operating System?

One of the frequently asked questions is what is the operating system? Programs running on computers, from large to small, need an operating system. Therefore, before running the programs in the computer, the programs must be placed in the main memory with the help of the operating system. This is usually done automatically at the first startup stage of the computer, the operating system in HHD is loaded into RAM. What is expected from an operating system is that the hardware and software resources work together and properly.

If we look at the history of operating systems; British mathematicians designed the first real computer. However, in those years, the operating system was not available due to insufficient technology. 1.4.1. There was not much improvement in First Generation Operating Systems until World War II. However, in the 1940s, some digital machines were developed with the work of researchers at Harvard University and Princeton University and other researchers in the United States and Germany. Vacuum tubes were used in the construction of these digital machines. However, these machines were very large and operated much slower than today's computers. Those who designed, manufactured, programmed, operated and maintained the machine at that time were the same people. No such thing as an operating system was known. Later, card machines started to develop in the 1950s. Programs were written on cards and read. In the following years, Second Generation, Third Generation and Fourth Generation Operating Systems were developed.

What Does an Operating System Do?

The question of what operating systems do is wondered by many users. Application codes are maintained by the hardware. However, it is an intermediary between the computer and the programs required for functions such as memory allocation, input / output. It is among the tasks of the operating system to gain access to the computer's file system, to allocate enough system resources for too many programs running at the same time, and to help not conflict with each other.

Let's take a general look at the tasks of the operating system:

Provides communication between the environment and programs

Creates a file management system to organize and access files on storage devices

Provides data communication between programs

Provides secure access to resources in multi-user systems

Managing the system memory, providing facilities such as disk buffering and ensuring that memory works effectively

Help the user run programs, enable the user to issue commands

How Does the Operating System Work?

The operating system starts working as soon as the computer is turned on. It deals with the project software being worked on. It works in a certain order.

There are some points to note for the operating system:

When buying a computer, it should be paid attention to whether the operating system is installed or not. The best operating system for the computer is Windows. All software on the market is suitable for Windows operating system.

To answer the question of how the operating system works, we use the small symbols under the 'All Programs' option in the 'Start' menu. For example, the symbol for the Paint program is a jar with drawing pencils. Word processing programs are symbolized by a written notebook page.

Operating System Types

The best known operating system is Windows. There are many operating systems variants including Amiga, Pardus, Chromium, Linux, Unix, MacOs and Android. The operating system is present in many electronic devices, including computers. Let's get brief information about the most used operating systems.

Windows Operating System

It was developed by the Microsoft company. It is the most used operating system in the world.

Amiga Operating System

It is the operating system used in personal computers. Amigaos has maximum performance. It is equipped and flexible.

Chromium Operating System

It was designed by Google Chrome. It has a unique interface. It is useful and very reliable.

Android Operating System

It is based on Linux. It is a system developed for mobile device and phone. It is open code. Therefore, it is suitable for development.

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10 Main Reasons Separating Linux from Windows

10 Main Reasons Separating Linux from Windows

Although it is not as well known among computer users as Windows yet, Linux is getting more and more talked about. The differences between Windows and Linux are so great that the statement that "both operating systems are the only thing they have in common" is not wrong.

1- Full Access

In contrast to Linux, where access to the source code is free, it clearly summarizes the operating logic of Windows operating systems, which keep the source code extremely tightly as it is a trade secret.

2- Licensing freedom - Licensing restriction

While Linux's open code philosophy allows the operating system to be freely downloaded and installed on as many PCs as desired, Windows does not allow installation beyond the number of licenses purchased.

3- Free technical service - Paid technical service

The lack of technical service, which is considered one of the biggest handicaps of Linux, can be overcome by hundreds of forums and websites on the Internet for end users. The same solutions are valid in Windows, and of course there is a technical service option that can be purchased. One of the serious differences between Linux and Windows is that Linux has many distributions and the technical service provided often does not meet the expectations of corporate users.

4- Full hardware support - Partial hardware support

While it is out of question that Windows does not recognize or select the hardware components that make up PCs, Linux, although it has made significant progress in recent years, still has problems in this area. Driver problems experienced especially in new hardware products are one of the obvious disadvantages of Linux against Windows.

5- Command client - Non command client

No matter how advanced the graphical interface of Linux is, the management functions it provides via the command line are indispensable for advanced computer users. The command line of Windows, on the other hand, is so obscure and dysfunctional that most users may not even notice.

6- Central application setup - Independent application setup

While most Linux distributions have an application installation manager that provides a link to an online software library, Windows requires a source other than the operating system first to install a software.

7- Elasticity - Rigidity

While the structure of Linux is flexible enough to play with the foundation and roof of a house, for example, Windows does not allow it to go beyond the limits set by its manufacturer. For example, while the desktop environment of windows cannot go beyond the limits set by Microsoft, the flexibility offered by Linux on the desktop is almost limitless.

8- Home user - Corporate user

While the vast majority of Linux's desktop distribution is made up of home users, Windows is the favorite operating system for businesses with large numbers of employees.

9 - Automatic use of removable media - Manual use of removable media

For the use of removable media, Linux needs to be first introduced - mounted - to the operating system, whereas in Windows all that is required is to insert the media into the drive. Although Linux has made progress in this area in recent years, most distributions need to mount first to read a CD.

10 - Multi-layer study - Single layer study

Thanks to the multi-layered working logic in Linux, it is possible to continue working with the command client even if there is a problem in the graphical interface of the operating system. Windows, on the other hand, has a safe mode that can be accessed in case of a problem in the interface, but not every desired software can work in this mode and the problem cannot be solved using only this method.

Sources

• Podcast, Ubuntu/Linux
• Podcast, Ubuntu Operating System

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10 Differences Between Linux and Windows

10 Differences Between Linux and Windows

Windows is a set of operating systems, computer operating systems (OS) developed by Microsoft for personal desktops / devices or computer (PC). Each operating system can download all the user's files, videos, etc. It comes with a graphical user interface (GUI) with a desktop that allows it to view. AMD is designed to run on x86 hardware such as Intel processors. Windows operating system comes with almost all companies that make PCs or laptops. Linux is a UNIX-based open source operating system created in 1991. It is a software that is under all other software on the computer. Users can modify existing code and create distribution from it as it is an open source operating system. Linux is mostly used as a server - most web pages on the Internet are generated from Linux servers.

What is the Windows operating system?

The first version of the Windows operating system was released in 1985, which is a simple GUI, an extension of the existing disk operating system (MS-DOS). Internet support Most PCs only run on the Windows operating system. The latest Windows operating system version is Windows 10, currently ruling the market.

What is the Linux Operating system?

Linux is a UNIX-based open source operating system created in 1991. The Linux operating system comes with a graphical user interface (GUI) with some essential software used daily. In addition, Linux operating system is used in desktop computers, mobile devices, game consoles, digital storage devices, e-book readers, cameras, and video recorders.

Linux and Windows Key Differences

Linux is an open source operating system while the Windows operating system is commercial.

Linux can access the source code and modify the code according to the user's needs, whereas Windows cannot access the source code.

Even with a modern desktop environment and operating system features, Linux will run faster than Windows latest versions, while Windows will run slower on older hardware.

While Linux distributions do not collect user data, Windows does collect all user details that lead to the privacy issue.

Linux is more reliable than Windows because we have to try multiple times to close programs in Windows.

Linux supports a wide variety of free software from Windows, but Windows has a large collection of video game software.

Linux is highly secure because it is easy to detect and fix bugs, whereas Windows has a large user base and becomes a target for virus and malware developers.

Linux, Google, Facebook, twitter etc. by corporate organizations. While it is used as servers and operating system for security purposes, Windows is mostly used by gamers and business users.

Linux and Windows currently have the same priority over hardware and driver support.

Finally, after reading an overview of Linux vs. Windows, and I hope these differences between Linux and Windows, you learned more about what's inside this operating system.

Users who want to change the operating system from Windows to Linux or vice versa will have a good idea of ​​the advantages and disadvantages of both Linux and Windows operating systems and will decide according to their needs and have more advantages. These are between Linux and Windows operating systems and in my opinion; Linux Operating System is more advantageous than Windows Operating System.

Sources

• Podcast, Linux/Ubuntu
• Podcast, GNU/Linux
• Article, TechRepublic

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What is CentOS?

What is CentOS?

Operating systems are one of the most important parts of information technologies. Operating systems, which determine the operating performance of computers and their compatibility with other hardware, are the tools that enable basic features to become functional. Operating systems with different software and interface types also have distributions within themselves. CentOS, one of the distributions of the Linux operating system, can easily be cited as an example.

The types of operating systems and distribution types serve different usage purposes. For example, there are softwares and interfaces that make daily use easier, as well as software and interfaces that will make the work of informatics specialists functional. CentOS, one of the sub-operating systems of Linux, was produced and put into use by an independent group of software developers.

Different distributions of operating systems that manage hardware resources as well as provide the connection between the services used for different resources and the device contain basic software differences. In a structure where the application codes are largely executed by the hardware, the software differences of the sub-operating systems can be counted among the factors that make it easier to use and functional.

Before elaborating the subject in terms of Linux and CentOS, it should be noted that CentOS is an operating system generally used by IT experts on web servers. This means that the software features and interface of CentOS can be expressed as addressing different needs than basic usage. Because the operating systems used in web servers differ in certain technical areas.

CentOS is an operating system distributed by Red Hat. It is based on Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code. CentOS, which is compatible with the distribution of the Linux operating system, has been developed by independent developers. CentOS stands for The Community ENTerprise Operating System. The release date of this Linux distribution by Red Hat company is May 14, 2004.

The hardware requirements of CentOS, an operating system, are largely the same as Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This is because CentOS's distribution is linked to Linux. This operating system works fully compatible with Intel x88 (32 bit), Intel Itanium, Advanced Micro Devices AMD64, Intel EM64T (64 bit), PowePC / 32 (Apple) and IBM Mainframe.

CentOS, which is among the first choices of information specialists due to its high performance in web servers, works seamlessly with processors of X86 PAE and x86-64 type architecture. Users do not have to pay any fees to use CentOS. If you need support while using the operating system, you can easily request many different help from the website of the community.

The most important point that distinguishes CentOS from other Linux distributions is its long-term support. In addition to its long-term support, CentOS ensures that you always have a secure operating system. Commercially available versions of this operating system are supported for 10 years. CentOS, one of the numerous distributions of Linux, is widely used in the market.

This operating system is highly preferred by users as it runs on the Cpanel control panel in the web hosting field. CentOS is also used for web hosting control panels such as Cyberpanel, VestaCP, Centos Web Panel and Plesk in virtual servers. CentOS 'package manager is yum, but dnf also serves with CentOS 8.

CentOS, one of the most used distributions of Linux, also supports desktop usage. Although Gnome comes as the default desktop with the installation of the operating system, it is possible to install XFC or KDE just like other Linux distributions. Updates and enhancements to CentOS are provided through volunteer contribution from developers, donations and organization sponsorship.

What are the Features of CentOS?

CentOS, one of the enterprise class operating systems, offers you software development in one of the best Linux distributions. Promising a customizable, stable and highly secure user experience, this operating system includes many enterprise level security updates. Because of all these features, CentOS becomes the most reliable choice for web servers for users.

One of the most important features of CentOS is that it offers a more stable usage compared to other distributions of Linux. The main reason for this stable use is that the operating system's package updates are less frequent. If you want to update certain software while using CentOS, you have to do it manually. Stable use of CentOS also positively affects the performance of the web server.

If you are a business owner or run a company, CentOS is the ideal choice to handle your corporate business. This operating system, which offers the best solutions for corporate needs due to the high performance and security it provides in web servers, does not allow problems such as faulty updates and old versions due to the lower update frequency.

How to Install CentOS?

Before you can install CentOS on your server, you must first determine the appropriate version for your server's processor architecture. Once you have determined this, you can download the CentOS version most suitable for you from the operating system's own website. You can start the installation by burning the downloaded ISO file to DVD and booting from the server. The installation of CentOS is very easy and solution-oriented when the necessary steps are followed.

After burning your ISO image file to DVD and booting the system from DVD, you can easily complete the installation by following the steps below. CentOS, which succeeded in making the users feel the reflection of its technical features at this stage, draws attention as one of the Linux distributions with the most secure installation process. Having a completely user-friendly approach, CentOS is also very functional in installation.

CentOS installation media options appear. Select the Install or upgrade an existing system option from these. In the second step, you will be asked to check the installation media for problems. You can move on to the next screen or test the ISO file.

After this step, you will see the CentOS installation screen. Go to the next step by pressing the Next button. Select the language you want to install the operating system from the language pane and click next to view the next step.

Enter a complementary option to define your keyboard set on the screen that appears. If the language you choose is English, select the English option on the keyboard. After this step, you will see the selection for the place where the operating system will be installed.

From the disk selection menu, select the type of disk installation you want and continue. If you have a disk locally attached to the device, select the Basic Storage Device / Basic Storage Device option to determine where the operating system will be installed.

You can install it by selecting the yes option on the warning screen. At this stage, you will be asked to enter the hostname. On the next screen you need to configure the network settings. After doing this, select the time zone and set the root password.

After setting the root password, you must enter the same password in the bottom space. Make your desired disk selection and confirm the system disk configuration. Continue to setup as you wish by confirming the options on the screens that open.

Server options appear on the next screen. Here you can choose the web server option or any other server you want. Select the apps you want installed and start the installation. After the installation is complete, there is one more thing you need to do.

Once the CentOS installation is complete, you should reboot the system. After rebooting the system, the CentOS login screen appears. After this stage, you can easily start using this operating system, one of the distributions of Linux, by entering your username. Follow me on CentOS Web-Panel and Technology and Operations Management!

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Ubuntu Philosophy

 Ubuntu Philosophy

An Anthropologist working in Africa suggests playing games to the children of a tribe and says that the first person to get the fruits they put under the tree will be their reward to eat them.

He says to them, "Come on, start now, the winner will get the prize."

At that moment, all the children hold hands, run together to get under the tree and start eating the fruits together.

When the anthropologist asks why they are doing this, they give the following answer; This is "Ubuntu". How can one of us eat that award while others are unhappy?

Desmont Tutu describes Ubuntu as follows:

A person who believes in Ubuntu is open to others, positive to others, does not feel threatened when others are good and talented, has the self-confidence that comes from knowing that he is part of a larger whole, and feels humiliated when others are humiliated, humiliated, persecuted, or oppressed. "

Source

• Podcast, What is Ubuntu
• Podcast, Ubuntu History

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What is the Debian Operating System?

 What is the Debian Operating System?

Debian, prepared by volunteers from various regions of the world within the scope of the Debian Project; GNU / Linux is a completely free operating system based on different kernel options such as GNU / Hurd. Debian, which is one of the most common GNU / Linux distributions, also; It is also a source for many GNU / Linux distributions such as Mepis, Ubuntu, Yoper, Knoppix, Libranet, Linspire, Xandros, and Adamantix, and is preferred by many well-known Web sites, notably Google. Debian can run on many hardware platforms such as Alpha, Arm, HPPA, i386, AMD64, IA64, m68k, Mips, PowerPC, S390, Sparc with different operating system cores. In addition to the hardware and kernel richness it supports, the most important thing that makes Debian unique compared to other distributions is that the software in the distribution has completely free license terms and there is a Debian Social Contract to control and perpetuate software freedom.

Ian Murdock, founder of Debian, a student at Purdue University in 1993; In his article titled "Debian Manifesto", he explained Debian's mission and philosophy. Accordingly, Debian represents one of the first democratic communities on the Internet. In 1996, while Ian Murdock's place was transferred to Bruce Perens; Ian Murdock is still working in Debian.

Debian uses .deb, a unique package (programs) format. There is also a sophisticated package management system called APT at a higher level, with dpkg and a number of accompanying tools for package management. The APT system, which allows a desired package to be installed automatically from the package archives on media such as the Internet or CD-ROM, along with other packages on which it depends, with a simple command line client called apt-get or a dselect, aptitude or GTK + based text interface that offers an ncurses-based text interface. It is possible to use it with programs such as Synaptic that offer a graphical user interface. Thanks to Debian's rich repositories of over 15000 compiled packages, it is very easy to install a specific program or upgrade an installed package to a new version. Package repositories on the Internet are reflected in various locations around the world. With tools such as apt-spy, netselect-apt, it is possible to select the nearest warehouse to your location and thus keep the system up-to-date over the network. You can also listen to the great podcast published on Debian.

To get an idea of ​​Debian, you can try the Debian-based Knoppix distribution that runs from a CD drive, no installation on your computer.

Versions

Debian's release names so far are from the characters in the movie Toy Story. Debian has 3 different versions. Unstable, Trial, Stable

Unstable

The name of this version is sid. This version is the first version in which newly developed or updated packages are placed before the trial version. Therefore, it is the most up-to-date version but there is no guarantee that it will work due to its instability. It is mostly used by debian developers. Packages with no major errors are transferred to the trial version from here.

Since it is the unstable version, its name was chosen as Sid, the villain of the Toy Story movie.

Trial

The version is under development in the testing phase. It is not completely stable. Packages from the unstable version are transferred to this version and left for testing here. The trial phase continues for several years and is finally announced as the new stable version. Users who want their Debian to be up to date prefer this version. There are daily renewals in the packages and users can update their operating systems at any time. But it may be necessary to be careful as it is a trial version.

The trial version that is currently under development is called etching.

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Why Should I Use Ubuntu?

 Why Should I Use Ubuntu?

Ubuntu is entirely Linux-based, with GNU Public License, Mark Shuttleworth's Canonical Ltd. is an operating system developed under the sponsorship of the company named.

"Why should I use Ubuntu?" If you started asking, I think you also have a superficial knowledge of Linux. Even if you are not, I think it would be sufficient if I said that it is both open source and free software and it is an operating system that is constantly being developed by people.

Ubuntu is just a distribution of the Linux operating system. There are many distributions like Ubuntu, so you must be asking, why is it Ubuntu?

Ubuntu uses the GNOME desktop development environment. GNOME has a very powerful, aesthetic, and simple interface. Since GNOME's existence, it has kept its simplicity and has remained as far away from complex looks as possible. The usefulness of the currently preferred, MAC OSX and Windows-based operating systems have been moved to certain patterns for humans. I can say that GNOME, which fulfills these patterns in the best way, has been the most successful duo with Ubuntu in my eyes.

If you are already a Linux user and have used Pardus, which is considered our National Operating System, you are aware that you are a KDE user. It serves the same purpose in KDE as GNOME. I would say it's more complicated than GNOME. But if you are used to it and have used it before, I am sure you will prefer KDE. At this stage, you can use Ubuntu (K) with ubuntu (KDE Interface).

One of the biggest advantages of Ubuntu is that it has a very large user base. Turkey also has a very active forum community. In this way, it becomes easier to get support in case of problems.

Ubuntu is sponsored by Canonical LTD. Having such power behind it also makes a great contribution in terms of research and development.

Ubuntu is not an operating system that works only with commands. Someone who does not know any commands will probably not need to use them anyway. Based on usability, Ubuntu will be the right choice for you.

It is very easy to search and find applications in Ubuntu. Because thanks to the Ubuntu Software Center developed by Ubuntu, you can access many applications and download them to your computer. You can also install many applications from the terminal by adding the "apt-get install program-name" command to the terminal.

Ubuntu is free.

I'm so used to Windows apps, I can't do without them. This is very normal because I used Windows for years without even knowing about the existence of Linux and I was facing the same problem. Most of the main applications you have used in Windows also run on Ubuntu and other distributions. With the same interface.

It seems that it is not enough that you can run .exe files thanks to WineHQ; Bigger one; You can also install games like GTA IV on Ubuntu with the program called PlayOnLinux.

If you press the start key in Ubuntu (usually in the form of a windows sign on the keyboard), it will direct you to the search tab, which we can call the start menu of Ubuntu. Here you can access all installed applications, saved documents, and all information available on the Internet. This will make your transactions and access very easy. You can listen to the podcast made on Linux/Ubuntu. Additionally, you can listen to the podcast What is Ubuntu published on Apple.

Ubuntu has developed a management software called "System Settings" for the necessary adjustments and designed a simple interface for users. Thus, you can make most of the system settings from here.

Also, "Enable workspaces" under the "View" tab in the system settings. If you tick the section, you will activate the multi-desktop. In this way, your work will be easier thanks to the work areas and you will be able to separate the stack of desktop windows and relax.

Ubuntu is a highly efficient and useful operating system for both beginners and those who have used it before. Don't be afraid to use it. Don't think you can never use it. At least you can install and try.

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What is GCC?

What is GCC?

The GNU Compiler Collection (the GNU Compiler Collection, usually abbreviated as GCC) is a compiler system produced by the GNU Project that supports various programming languages. GCC is an important part of the GNU tool chain.

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Zentyal Server 6.2 Released

Zentyal Server 6.2 Released

Zentyal Server, a unified network server that provides easy and efficient computer network management for small and medium businesses, a gateway, an infrastructure manager, an office server, a unified communications server, or a combination of them, can act as an Ubuntu-based distribution. Version 6.2 has been announced.

The version is based on Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS. While the Zentyal development team is proud to announce the release of Zentyal 6.2; The version is said to offer improved DNS management and updated antivirus tools. For more detailed information about Zentyal Server 6.2, you can review the release announcement and changes page.

Also, if you want to install PT on the system, check out: https://spectrum.chat/cisco-cli/general/how-to-install-packet-tracer-on-linux-ubuntu-computer~bde4f395-5606-40c6-8498-e3c0c894335d

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What is Ubuntu?

What is Ubuntu?

Ubuntu is a free and free operating system based on Linux. The Ubuntu project was launched in order to make Linux and free software a part of the daily life of computer users, and the first stable version was released in October 2004. Today, Ubuntu is the world's most common desktop Linux distribution with over 20 million users. Ubuntu is developed under the sponsorship of Canonical Ltd., owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth.

Canonical offers Ubuntu to all individual and corporate users completely free of charge and aims to generate revenue by supporting organizations seeking technical support. Ubuntu Desktop officially develops and supports users of Ubuntu Server, Ubuntu Touch, Ubuntu TV and Ubuntu for Android variants. It also contributes to the development of Ubuntu-like Kubuntu, Ubuntu GNOME, Edubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, UbuntuKylin, Ubuntu Studio, and Mythbuntu derivatives. Related Article: Using Packet Tracer on Ubuntu. Ubuntu is a software that is open to people as a system and offers personal customization. In this sense, it can be said that it is the most common system used as an open source.

What are the advantages of Ubuntu?

• No virus problem!
• Working Practices (OpenOffice.org)
• Archived Files (Archive Manager)
• Restricted Applications Package
• Internet Applications
• Audio and Video Applications
• Easy Software Installation
• You can install many themes on your computer.
• Choose your desktop yourself.
• A special distribution for netbooks: Ubuntu Netbook Remix

How to install software on Ubuntu?

Unlike Windows, the software in Ubuntu is provided in packages/files with the extension * .deb, not * .exe. When a package is selected in the Ubuntu Software Center, all other packages/dependencies required for its operation are selected automatically. Additionally, you can listen to the Ubuntu-related podcast I found on Google.

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